What elements are often added to masonry structures to provide tension and shear resistance?

The inclusion of rebar and heavy wire in masonry structures is essential for enhancing both tension and shear resistance. Masonry, primarily composed of materials like bricks, stones, or blocks, inherently possesses high compressive strength but is generally weak in tension. To counteract this weakness, steel reinforcement—typically in the form of rebar—is embedded within the masonry. Rebar provides tensile strength, preventing cracking or failure when the structure undergoes stress.

Heavy wire also plays a significant role in reinforcing masonry. When incorporated properly, it helps to distribute loads and absorb forces, providing additional support. The combination of rebar and heavy wire allows the masonry to better withstand lateral forces, such as those from earthquakes or wind loads, thus significantly improving the overall structural integrity and longevity of the construction.

Other materials, such as metal plates, wood beams, and composite materials, may provide some level of structural support, but they do not effectively address the specific tension and shear resistance needs of masonry in the same way that rebar and heavy wire do.