Which vertical load-resisting system typically bends when subjected to loading?

Horizontal beams and joists are structural elements that are specifically designed to transfer vertical loads to vertical load-resisting systems, such as columns and walls. When these elements are subjected to loading, they tend to bend due to the flexural forces acting upon them. This bending, or deflection, is a key aspect of their behavior under load, as they are primarily required to span distances and resist loads applied perpendicular to their length.

The bending of horizontal beams and joists is a critical factor in structural engineering, as it must be accounted for in design to ensure that the material properties and dimensions of these elements are adequate to support the anticipated loads without excessive deflection, which could lead to serviceability issues or even structural failure.

In contrast, columns and walls mainly experience axial loads and are designed to carry vertical loads directly down to the foundation with minimal bending, while foundations are intended to transfer loads to the ground and do not typically bend. Understanding the behavior of various load-resisting systems is essential for safe and effective structural design.